NuBo Glossary

How to use

Simply move your mouse over a term on the left to view its description. Where available, relevant products will show after a few seconds.

Acne Vulgaris

Acne Vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin condition which is caused by an overproduction of sebum. Acne is most commonly found on the face, chest and back and is characterized by pimples, blackheads, whiteheads and pustules. Acne is most prevalent in adolescent teenagers, however, some individuals will have acne throughout their adulthood.

NuBo remedies:

Active Ingredients

Biologically active ingredients can work on a cellular level improving the skin from within. The ingredients that are classed as being active include vitamins, enzymes, antioxidants essential oils and phyto-chemicals.

Relevant products:

Active Formula

Contains the most powerful yet safe active ingredients to promote a positive effect on the condition of skin. Active formulas produce immediate visible results while working to deliver effective long term benefits.

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Aesthetician

Is a specialist in skin care who is certified to assess the condition of an individual’s skin. An Aesthetician promotes and enhances a person’s appearance.

Aesthetic Surgery

Surgery that is performed to amend and enhance an individual’s appearance. Aesthetic surgery is specifically concerned with conserving a normal appearance by refreshing or restoring it. The aim of aesthetic surgery is to produce an aesthetically pleasing result.

Alternative to Aesthetic surgery and products which promote skin healing post-surgery:

Adaptogenic Plants

Adaptogenic Plants have evolved to live in challenging climatic conditions this has given them the ability to help the human body maintain optimal homeostasis. Adaptogenic plants are used in cosmetics because they benefit ageing skin. The adaptogenic Tibetan plant Rhodiola boosts the synthesis of intracellular ATP to recharge cells with energy.

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Age Spot

Blemishes that occur on ageing skin as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. They are also known as; sun spots, lentigos or senile/solar lentigines. Age spots are usually found on the hands, face, shoulders, arms and forehead.

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Algae

A diverse group of autotrophic organisms. Seaweeds are biggest and most complex marine forms of Algae.

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Algisium Complex

A marine-derived complex which functions as an anti-inflammatory. Brown Algae fight free radicals by reducing the glycation of proteins and replace the silicon loss in the ECM. Brown Algae promote the restructuring of connective tissue improving the healing process.

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Allergic reaction

Is a disorder of the immune system characterised by a hypersensitive response to an allergen.

Almond, Sweet Oil

Mild oil which is often used as an emollient in lotions or creams.

Aloe Vera

Stimulates the skin’s healing process and cellular renewal. Aloe soothes, calms and moisturises the skin’s surface

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Alpha-Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)

Are used in cosmetic applications to create a plumped, smoothed appearance and increase skin thickness. AHAs reduce fine lines, wrinkles, skin discolouration and age spots. AHAs are derived from food products, lactic acid (sour milk) glycolic acid (sugar cane) malic acid (apples) citric acid (citrus fruits) tartaric acid (grape wine). Glycolic acid is the most popular AHA for cosmetics use as it has the smallest molecular size and penetrates the skin’s surface readily. Alpha-Hydroxy acids can cause mild irritation and skin sensitivity. A day cream containing AHAs should also include a sunscreen to counteract skin sensitivity. AHA’s should be used at a concentration of no higher than 10% for home application.

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Antioxidants

An antioxidant is a molecule capable of impeding or preventing the oxidation of other molecules. Free radicals are produced by oxidation they will damage skin cells. Antioxidants stop these reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions by being oxidized themselves. Antioxidants include vitamins A, C and E, minerals or plant derived polyphenols. They fight damage from free radical attack, which is activated by pollution, cigarette smoke and sun exposure. Free radicals attack collagen, cell membranes and the skin’s lipid barrier, antioxidants purify the skin of free radicals.

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Argireline

Is the trade name for Acetyl Hexapeptide-3. It is a six sequence Hexapeptide which is formed from amino acids.

Aromatherapy

Uses volatile plant materials, known as essential oils, and similar aromatic compounds from plants for therapeutic benefits.

Artificial Fragrances

Are commonly used in cosmetics, however, they often cause allergic reactions. Artificial fragrances are usually listed as ‘parfum’ which does not give the consumer any idea of which chemicals the product actually contains.

Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate

Is Pro-Vitamin C which converts into pure vitamin c inside the skin cell.

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ATP

ATP, is a major energy source within a human cell. It is used in a large number of biological processes, for example protein synthesis.

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Beauty Mark

Is a small dark facial mole or naveus which became connected with beauty in the 18th century. Marilyn Monroe beauty spot produced a new vogue.

Beeswax

A natural wax secreted by bees to make honeycombs.

Beta Hydroxy acid

Treats acne, psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris, and warts. It works as a keratolytic or exfoliant causing the cells of the epidermis to shed more readily, preventing pores from clogging up, and allowing space for new cell growth. Skin texture and colour is often improved with the use of Beta Hydroxy Acid.

Bioactives

Naturally derived they have an effect or elicit a response from living tissue.

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Biomimetics

The study of nature and the transfer of knowledge from biology to high precision technical application. Biomimetic actives are synthesized using revolutionary technology and can accurately replicate the activity of the lipids, enzymes and proteins found in flawless, young skin.

Biomimetic peptides are identical to the skin's peptides and act on the physiological mechanisms of the skin with high specificity. Advances in technology have facilitated scientists to obtain high purity and nature-identical Biomimetic peptides with excellent toxicological profiles and exceptional efficacy. When applied to the skin Biomimetic peptides improve declining functions of the cells. Biomimetic peptides stimulate the skin’s natural Growth Factor, boosting the skin’s own key elements on a cellular level. Skin will appear firmed and lifted with an obvious reduction to wrinkles and fine lines.

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Birthmark

A minor blemish or mole that has been on the skin since birth.

Blackheads

Characterised by a black or yellow bump or plug on the skin. Blackheads are triggered by excess oils that have accumulated in the sebaceous gland's duct.

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Blemish

An inflamed or discoloured mark on the skin.

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Blepharoplasty

Cosmetic surgery performed to correct the appearance of the eyelid.

Blurrer

A formula that camouflages imperfections by using optically diffusing ingredients producing a ‘soft focus’ effect.

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Botox

A dilute form of Botulinium Toxin which is used to temporarily paralyse facial muscles. Botox reduces wrinkles and expression lines but does not improve the condition of the skin.

NuBo alternative:

Brown Algae Complex™

Is derived from alginic acid it is extracted from the Brown Algae, Laminaria. Brown Algae is proven to boost collagen production increasing skin elasticity and firmness . Brown Algae protects the cell membrane and reinforces it against damage from free radical attacks by reorganising the cell membrane structure. In order to avoid protein alteration Brown Algae complex has anti-glycation properties.

Relevant products:

Capillaries

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, part of the microcirculation.

Eye Focus strengthens capillaries:

Caution

Important recommendation when using a cosmetic

Cell

Basic structural and functional unit.

Relevant products:

Cell Dynamic

Activates cells to rejuvenate the skin. The innovative complex combats ageing on two fronts- the causes of ageing skin as well as the external appearance of the skin. Cell Dynamic reinvigorates the skin fighting the damage caused by free radicals. It eradicates blocking toxins and radically improves the metabolic cycle to clear a pathway for effective delivery of bio active boosters creating a self maintaining rejuvenation.

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Ceramides

Lipids which are found in the skin and help to retain moisture. They are often used in skin care products for more mature skin that is dry or damaged in order to lock in moisture.

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Cervicoplasty

Is a cosmetic procedure, which improves the appearance of the neck.

Cheek Augmentation

A cosmetic procedure which improves the visual appearance of the cheek contour.

Cheek Lift / Midface lift

A cosmetic procedure which raises the middle of the face to enhance cheek and under eye fullness.

Chemical Peel

A chemical agent is used to peel the superficial layers of the skin off to decrease the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

NuBo alternative:

Collagen

Is the main protein of connective tissue in the human body (25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content) Collagen is a vital element in the skin’s supporting structure as human’s get older they loose the elasticity in their skin and this is due to the depletion of collagen. Anti-ageing creams that contain collagen will only work on a surface level as the long chain molecule will not penetrate the skin. However, it is possible to use creams which contain peptides which will stimulate the skin to produce more collagen naturally.

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Colouring Agents

Agents that are used to colour cosmetics they tend to be of synthetic origin.

Combination Skin

Dry skin with an oily T-Zone (forehead, nose and chin)

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Cosmeceuticals

NuBo has a 'positive' cosmeceutical approach delivering professional strength anti-age formulations without parabens, skin-irritating petrochemicals, synthetic colours or fragrances.

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Cosmetic Surgery

Surgery which is performed to correct or improve physical appearance.

Crow's Feet

Wrinkles that appear around the eyes as a result of repeated expressions, for example smiling or laughing.

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Cyto-chromophores Complex

The biomimetic complex which is used in Nubo cell dynamic Formulae. It contains amino acids and ATP whch replicates the skin’s natural defence molecules. They ensure damaging Photon energy is absorbed reducing oxidative damage from free radicals and protect or DNA (genetic memory).

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3D Effect

Skin appears plumped due to a 3 dimensional effect.

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Delivery System

A method of carrying ingredients to the inner layers of the skin as liposomes do.

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Dermabrasion

a cosmetic procedure in which the surface of the skin is removed by abrasion. The procedure will improve the appearance of wrinkles and scars and is used to remove sun-damaged skin. The procedure is painful and usually involves a general anaesthetic.

NuBo alternatives:

Dipeptide

Two amino acids in a sequence, a dipeptide is capable of penetrating the skin’s inner layers.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic information used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. DNA molecules store long-term information.

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Drainage

Reducing swelling and congestion by clearing the lymph.

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Dry Skin

Lacks lipids such as ceramides and therefore doesn’t retain moisture.

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Elastin

Is a vital element in supporting the skin's structure. Elastin is responsible for the elasticity in the skin and overall strength. As humans get older the skin tends to lose elasticity as the production of elastin slows and the skin may have a saggier more wrinkled appearance. It is not possible to add elastin to the skin with a cream or moisturiser as the molecules will not penetrate the skin, however, it is possible to use peptides in creams that will encourage the skin to produce more of its own elastin.

Relevant products:

Emollient

A lubricant that has the power to soften or smooth the skin's surface.

Emulsifier

Enables water and oil to mix to form lotions or creams.

Enzymes

When skin is young and healthy, its natural enzymes convert internal toxins into oxygen and water, essential for recharging and rehydration. With age our own enzymes can’t cope with the massive stream of toxins, and work far less effectively. The Biomimetic Manganese Salt Complex copies activity of skin enzymes to help with the natural recycling process to clear pathway for effective delivery of anti-age boosters, like NuBo's Biomimetic Peptides within The Essence formulation to repair wrinkles from within. The Essence is truly essential, it sets in motion a complete cycle of cell rejuvenation.

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Epidermis

The epidermis is the outer protective layer of the skin.

Exfoliant

An agent that removes the surface layer of dead skin cells without harming the remaining living cells. Exfoliation involves the removal of dead skin cells on the skin's outermost surface.

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Face Lift

Cosmetic surgery which improves the appearance of the face by lifting the face and removing excess skin.

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Filler (Filling Agent)

In order to add volume to the face or decrease the appearance of wrinkles fillers are injected into the skin. Collagen and silicone are examples of fillers that are used in cosmetic surgery.

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Free Radicals

Are atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons. They are usually highly reactive and are likely to take part in oxidative reactions. Free radical have been linked to skin ageing, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Free radicals can be combated with the use of vitamins, minerals and plant extracts.

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Fruit Acid

Also known as AHAs- are used in cosmetic applications to create a plumped, smoothed appearance and increase skin thickness. AHAs reduce fine lines, wrinkles, skin discolouration and age spots. AHAs are derived from food products, lactic acid (sour milk) glycolic acid (sugar cane) malic acid (apples) citric acid (citrus fruits) tartaric acid (grape wine). Glycolic acid is the most popular AHA for cosmetics use as it has the smallest molecular size and penetrates the skin’s surface readily. Alpha-Hydroxy acids can cause mild irritation and skin sensitivity. A day cream containing AHAs should also include a sunscreen to counteract skin sensitivity. AHA’s should be used at a concentration of no higher than 10% for home application.

Relevant products:

Genes

A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism. Genes hold the information to build and maintain their cells and pass genetics onto offspring.

Genes Modification

Genetic mutation, natural or induced

Genetics

Relating to genetics, genes, or the origin of something.

Glycation

Occurs when a sugar molecule (fructose or glucose) bonds to a protein molecule. Glycation is a cause of skin ageing as the reaction between the sugar and the protein causes protein damage. This reaction is activated by free radicals and oxidant stress. The proteins elastin and collagen are effected by glycation. Elastin and collagen support the skin structure so when they become damaged the skin will lose firmness and begin to sag.

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Glycolic Acid

Is the smallest a-hydroxy acid which is derived from sugar cane. Glycolic acid is capable of penetrating the skin and is most commonly used in chemical peels at a concentration of 20-70%. Glycolic acid can be used at home at a concentration of 10% is used.

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Glycolic Peel

Glycolic peels improves the texture of the skin by using glycolic acid to slough off the surface layer of the skin. Skin will appear less wrinkled and smooth in texture.

Growth Factor

Growth Factors are naturally occurring molecules which stimulate cellular growth, proliferation and cellular differentiation. Growth factors are vital to regulating a variety of cellular processes. Growth factors act as signaling molecules between cells.

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Humectant

Attract moisture from the air onto the skin. They help to retain moisture, examples of Humectants include, sorbitol, squalene and sugars.

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Hyperpigmentation

When melanin is overproduced the skin will appear darker.

Hypoallergenic

Hypoallergenic describes cosmetics that cause or are claimed to cause fewer allergic reactions.

Hyaluronic Acid

Is abundant in young skin, however as human’s age their level of hyaluronic acid will drop. Diet and smoking are known to affect the levels of hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid is used in skin care products that combat ageing and wrinkles.

Relevant products:

Immune System

A system of biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against infection by identifying and killing pathogens. The skin’s immune system may become run-down as a result of changing climates, poor diet, frequent flying, stress, illness or harsh weather conditions. The Cell Dynamic complex contains powerful youth boosting actives and is proven to restart the skin’s immune system ensuring skin glows with health.

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Ingredient List

Also knows as the INCI (international nomenclature). It is European law that all the ingredients that are in a product should be listed on the packaging. The ingredients should be listed in order of volume. Often cosmetic products will contain a large amount of water so this should be listed as the first ingredient.

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In Vitro

Describes tests that take place within a laboratory.

In Vivo

Describes tests that take place on human volunteers.

Inflammation

Pain, redness, swelling and heat as a result of irritation, injury or infection

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Injectable Filler

A substance which is used to make sunken or lined skin more plump.

Keratin

Fibrous protein which forms the main content of the hair, skin and nails. Keratin also gives the strength to the skin.

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L-Ascorbic Acid

Otherwise known as vitamin C. L-Ascorbic Acid stimulates the production of collagen. Ageing skin produces less collagen so L-Ascorbic acid is often a vital component to skin care.

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Lanolin

Is the fat that is extracted from wool and is then used as a moisturiser in skin care as it has similar properties to the skins sebum.

Laser

Often used to resurface the skins surface. Thread veins, tattoos and blemishes can be removed.

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Laser Resurfacing (Laser Peel)

Skin is resurfaced with the use of a laser. Damaged skin cells are removed leaving the surrounding healthy tissue undamaged. The major problem with laser resurfacing is that skin may take a long time to recover.

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Lip Augmentation

Fillers or implants are used to increase the definition and size of the lips.

Lipids

Fats, waxes or sterols that can be found in the skin.

Relevant products:

Lipids Barrier

Helps to retain the moisture in the skin. As we get older our lipid barrier decreases which causes wrinkles and sagging in the skin. Using moisturiser on mature skin daily will not recover the lipid barrier. A product must contain hydrating lipid ingredients in order to revitalise the lipid barrier.

Relevant products:

Lip Lift

Cosmetic surgery which is performed to enhance the appearance of the lips.

Liposome

Is a vesicle, made out of the natural phospholipids. Liposomes can be filled with active ingredients to penetrate the epidermis.

Lipstick Bleed Lines

The lines and wrinkles that form with age around the mouth. Lipstick bleed lines are particularly prevalent in smokers.

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Manganese Salt

A new molecule which links itself to a free radical and transforms any toxic waste inside a skin cell into water and oxygen. Manganese salt mimics the behaviour of the skin cell’s natural enzymes and acts as a free radical scavenger. Manganese salt will combat external free radicals such as stress pollution, smoke and UV as well as internal toxins which are generated by normal cell metabolism.

Relevant products:

Melanin

Pigment in the hair and skin which gives it its colour.

Metabolism

Chemical reactions that occur in living organisms to preserve life.

Mica

Used in cosmetics this natural mineral is usually coated with pigment to add colour, sparkle or shine to the skin’s surface.

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Microdermabrasion

Is a cosmetic procedure in which the dead outermost surface of the skin is removed by light abrasion. The appearance of sun-damaged skin, scars and dark spots is visibly improved.

Mineral

Animal compounds or organic non vegetable compounds.

Mineral Makeup

A combination of mineral pigments.

Mineral Oil

Is most commonly used in cosmetics, creams and baby lotions. It is low in cost and has no odour or taste. The main issue with Mineral oil is that it is known to block pores it is also known to make the skin very dry.

Moisturiser

Agents that soften and smooth the skin and help retain moisture.

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Mole

A pigmented growth on the skin which is non cancerous.

Nanospheres

Minute, rounded particles which are 100 nanometers in size.

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Nanotechnology

The study of matter on a molecular and atomic scale.

Natural Moisturising Factors (NMF)

Used in cosmetic treatments as natural and light moisturisers. NMFs which are naturally present in the skin include Hyaluronic acid, sodium PCA and linolenic acid.

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Neuropeptide

Is a neuro mediator which influences the activity of cells.

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Non-Comedogenic

A comedo is another name for a blackhead. Creams or lotions that are described as being non-comedogenic are designed to not clog the pores.

Octopeptide

3 amino acids which form a sequence.

Oily Skin

Skin which appears greasy due to the overproduction of sebum.

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Oxygen Plasma

Discovered in the 1980’s in America oxygen Plasma has the ability to deliver oxygen to the skin cell’s. Oxygen plasma is renowned for having anti-inflammatory, qualities and promotes the skin’s healing processes while remaining hypoallergenic. Oxygen Plasma will stimulate the metabolism of skin cell’s and provides a mild botox-like effect.

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PABA- 4

Aminobenzoic acid used to be widely used in sunscreens as a UV filter. However, tests suggest that PABA might increase the risk of cellular UV damage. Water-insoluble PABA derivatives (octyl dimethyl PABA) are currently used in some products.

Panthenol

Pro vitamin B5 is derived from vitamin B. Pathenol is used in skin care products as it will not irritate the skin and will make skin temporarily appear plumped.

Parabens

Are a class of chemicals which are used as preservatives in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Parabens are very low cost and are therefore included in many budget shampoos, moisturisers, shaving gels etc. More recently cosmetic brands have removed Parabens from their products.

Paraffin Oil

See Mineral oil

Patent

A grant or official document which gives an inventor the sole right to make, use and sell their product for a limited period of time.

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Pentapeptide

5 amino acids in a sequence.

Peptide

Short chain formed from the linking of amino acids. The smaller the peptide the more effective. Peptide cannot replace the skin’s collagen they can however, stimulate the skin to produce its own collagen. New generation biomimetic peptides are highly specific and therefore highly effective.

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Petrochemicals

Are chemical products which are made from the raw materials of petroleum or other hydrocarbon origin. Examples include acetone, ethanol and petroleum.

Perioral

Around the mouth.

Periorbital

Around the eyes

pH

Measures the level of acidity in a skin care product. Skin is naturally slightly acidic (PH 5.5)

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Phenol

Used in chemical peels to reduce the appearance of deep lines or wrinkles.

Photo Aging

Is a term used for the damage induced by chronic UVA and UVB exposure.

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Photosensitivity

When skin becomes swollen or a rash appears as a result of exposure to sunlight.

Plastic surgery

Cosmetic surgery which repairs or enhances organs or tissue that have been lost or become scarred or injured.

Pore

Found on the skin’s surface a pore is a small opening in the skin.

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Port-Wine Stain

A mark on the skin that has the appearance of a wine stain which is in fact a collection of blood vessels underneath the skin’s surface.

Precollagen

A peptide which is similar to collagen, also know ad a pro-collagen.

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Premature Aging

Ageing fast as a result of environmental damage. NuBo Cell Dynamic provide a shield against premature ageing to protect the skin.

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PRO–Vitamin C

Vitamin C can lighten the skin and promote collagen synthesis. Pro- vitamin C is a more Hi tech and powerful version of Vitamin C as it has a longer shelf life and greater stability as it effectively converts into pure vitamin C inside the skin cell. Pro Vitamin C can improve the appearance of sun- spots, pigmentation spots and ageing skin which is the result of sun damage. Pro Vitamin C is proven to be safer that Vitamin C even when it is used at a high concentration.

Redness

Symptom of inflammation.

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Rejuvenate

Regain a youthful appearance

Retinol

Derived from vitamin A Retinol can penetrate the skin to reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles and mottled pigmentation. Retinol can also be used to balance the skin’s hydration levels.

ROS

Reactive Oxygen Species: toxic free radicals.

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Rosacea

Blood vessels become dilated which causes flushing on the face, this can be accompanied by acne on the cheeks and nose.

Rose Otto Oil

Essential oil extracted from the petals of damascus rose.

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Scar

Scars are areas of fibrous / connective tissue that replace normal skin after injury. A scar results from the process of wound repair and healing.

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Seaweed

Marine algae. See Brown Algae Complex

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Sebaceous Gland

A gland in the skin which produces oil.

Sebum Oil

The oil which is formed in sebaceous glands.

Self-Repairing

A living cell’s ability to heal and repair and damage.

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Sensitive Skin

Fragile or delicate skin which is more likely to become inflamed or suffer from allergic reactions.

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Silicone

Mineral derived compound

Synthetic

Substance/material formed artificially or by a chemical reaction.

Synthetic Colour

Artificial colour.

Synthetic Fragrance

Artificial fragrance.

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Shea Butter

A moisturiser which is produced for the seeds of the Shea tree.

Skin

Skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ. The skin protects us from light, heat, injury and infections. The skin has two layers the outer and inner epidermis.

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Skin Resurfacing

In order to encourage the production of new skin, skin resurfacing removes the upper layer of the skin.

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Skin Types

Various skin types exist, dry, oily, combination and sensitive skin.

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SLS - Sodium Lauryl Sulphate

Has recently received a lot of bad publicity so is no longer used in a lot of cosmetic products. SLS is a degreaser and a wetting/foaming agent.

SOD

Super Oxyde Dismutase: the skin’s free radical scavengers

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Soft Focus Effect

Optical blurring of imperfections.

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Squalane

Squalane is derived from Olive Oil and is absorbed quickly by the skin.

SPF

Sun Protection Factor

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Stem-Cell Technology

Activities and research into basal cells able to differentiate into specific cells.

Sun Block

A cream which usually contains titanium dioxide and zinc oxide that reflects ultra violet radiation.

Sunscreen

A lotion that absorbs ultraviolet radiation

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Sweat Gland

Gland that secretes perspiration through the pores.

Tetrapeptide

4 amino acids in a sequence

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Tripeptide

3 amino acids in a sequence

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Turkey Neck

Excess skin and fat under the chin

UVA

Ultraviolet light type A, which causes ageing and damage to the elastin and collagen in the skin.

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UVB

Ultraviolet light type B, causes skin burning and reddening.

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Vitamins

The words ‘vital’ and ‘mineral’ combined

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Wax

Solid oil

Wrinkle

A furrow, fold, ridge, line, or crease in the skin.

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